('Annals of the Kings and Rulers' from Appendix A to The Lord of the Rings) in the new evils that soon befell Gondor Umbar was again lost, and fell into the hands of the Men of Harad. Vengeance, if not swift, was certainly devastating: 176 years after Minardil's death, his great-grand nephew succeeded in recapturing Umbar, ending the line of Castamir and taking the name Umbardacil.
In TA 1634 Castamir's great-grandsons Angamaitë and Sangahyando raided Pelargir from Umbar, killing King Minardil, but Gondor could not retaliate as it was ravaged by the Great Plague. These men became known as the "Corsairs of Umbar", and within two centuries became a major threat to Gondor. The Corsairs of Umbar would become a major, unique threat to Gondor Umbar remained at war with Gondor for many lives of men.' ( 'Appendix A' ~ The Lord of the Rings) There they made a refuge for all the enemies of the king, and a lordship independent of his crown. Following the disastrous Kin-strife, the sons of Castamir the Usurper arrived there with many men and most of the fleet of Gondor. Gondor's possession of Umbar came to an abrupt end In TA 1448, but not at the hands of an external foe. "T he Men of the Harad, led by the lords that had been driven from Umbar, came up with great power against that stronghold came down from the north by sea and by land, and crossing the river Harnen his armies utterly defeated the men of Harad." ('Annals of the Kings and Rulers' from Appendix A to "The Lord of the Rings") All land south of Belfalas up to Harnen and the borders of Near Harad and coast-lands up to Umbar belonged to Gondor. In TA 1050, the late King Ciryandil's son Ciryaher defeated the Haradrim force by sending troops by land, crossing the Harnen, and by sea. Many Black Númenóreans had fled Umbar from the assault of TA 933, to their subjects in Near Harad, but 82 years later, in a vain attempt to recapture it, they came up with great power against the stronghold. Despite killing King Ciryandil this 'great power' availed the Men of Harad little however, for despite investing and besieging the city of Umbar for 35 years, they failed to take it, its supply being easily maintained "because of the sea-power of Gondor". ('The Heirs of Elendil' from The Peoples of Middle-earth) Umbar's Golden Age It was crowned with a globe of crystal that took the rays of the Sun and of the Moon and shone like a bright star that could be seen in clear weather even on the coasts of Gondor or far out upon the western sea. On the highest hill of the headland above the Haven they (…) set a great white pillar as a monument. Gondor's power, however, eclipsed that of Umbar as the Third Age progressed, and in TA 933 Gondor's King Eärnil I captured Umbar in a surprise attack, although this was "at great cost."įor the following 500 years, Umbar was an important city of Gondor: not only a major seaport, but as the site of the submission of Sauron to Ar-Pharazôn, and so served as a proud reminder of the might of the Dúnedain of old:
When not part of Gondor, its system of government was likely tyrannical. The rulers of Umbar retained much influence over the Haradwaith well into the Third Age. Their fate is unknown, but they likely shared Sauron's defeat at the hands of the Last Alliance of Elves and Men. Two Black Númenórean lords known as Herumor and Fuinur, probably from Umbar rose to power at the end of Second Age they became very powerful amongst the Haradrim, a neighbouring people of whom they were allied. These 'King's Men' were not friendly to the Elves or to their fellow Númenórean survivors who were allied to the Elves, and became known as Black Númenóreans. But unlike these others, Umbar had been used by the ' King's Men', who had turned to the worship of Melkor in the last days of Númenor. (from the 'Akallabêth')Īfter the Downfall of Númenor 58 years later, Umbar remained in the hands of the Númenóreans, in essence a Realm in Exile alongside Arnor and Gondor. Then he sent forth heralds, and he commanded Sauron to come before him and swear to him fealty.
For seven days he journeyed with banner and trumpet. Empty and silent under a sickle moon was the land when the King of the Sea set foot upon the shore. The fleet came at last to that place that was called Umbar, where was a mighty haven that no hand had wrought. It was at Umbar that the last King of Númenor, Ar-Pharazôn the Golden, landed in SA 3261, to challenge Sauron: Like the earlier New Haven in Enedwaith, and the later Pelargir on the Anduin, Umbar became a base from which Númenórean influence spread over Middle-earth.
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